Step 1 – Add detergents (surfactants), conditioners, and thickeners to form a shampoo base.
Step 2 – Add active medicated ingredients such as coal tar for psoriasis, and salicylic acid for dandruff. Make sure that they mix thoroughly.
Step 3 – If required add fragrance, and colorant to improve the appearance of the shampoo.
Step 4 – To prevent the fungal as well as bacterial growth add preservatives as per the types of formulation.
Step 5 – To ensure the stability, safety as well and efficacy of the product perform quality control tests such as microbial testing, pH testing, and viscosity measurements.
Step 6 – Fill the shampoo in desired containers like tubes or bottles, and label them with important information such as instructions and warnings.
Step 7 – Make sure that the product follows all the regulatory compliance and safety standards for cosmetics products.
Formulation Of Shampoo
While solubilizing the various components care must be taken. To perform stability study is important as it determines whether the interaction between substances is deactivating active ingredients.
Example I (Represent clear shampoos)
A simple situation where the active ingredients do not affect the other ingredients.
1) To minimize the foaming, the main detergent, active ingredients, foam booster, and water are mixed with gentle stirring.
2) To the above mixture add citric acid carefully to maintain the pH to the range between 5.6-6.2.
3) N-alkyl betaine (consistency adjuster) is added to adjust the pH and stirred vigorously to attain the desired viscosity.
Example II (Represent opaque product)
It is very difficult to dissolve a few components.
1) The main detergent dissolves in the water.
2) To the above mixture, foam booster is added with continuous stirring, and materials like opacifiers as well as active ingredients that have difficulty in dispersion.
3) Now, maintain the pH between 5.6 and 6.2 with the help of citric acid.
4) Now, adjust the viscosity with sodium chloride (electrolyte additive).
Example III (Represent clear shampoos)
Where heat is required to get the desired solution.
1) The active ingredients as well as the foam booster are mixed with the help of propeller stirring.
2) By continuously mixing half of the formulation water, add the main detergent.
3) Now, add both the mixture of steps 1, and 2.
4) Use heat to dissolve the ingredients that are difficult to dissolve in the remaining water.
5) Now, add both the solution obtained in steps 3, and 4.
6) Now, by the addition of citric acid adjust the pH of the product between 5.6-6.2.
Generally, as per the solubility characteristics of the ingredients that are used in the above solution, there is no required additional adjustment of the viscosity.
Example I (Represent clear shampoos)
A simple situation where the active ingredients do not affect the other ingredients.
1) To minimize the foaming, the main detergent, active ingredients, foam booster, and water are mixed with gentle stirring.
2) To the above mixture add citric acid carefully to maintain the pH to the range between 5.6-6.2.
3) N-alkyl betaine (consistency adjuster) is added to adjust the pH and stirred vigorously to attain the desired viscosity.
Example II (Represent opaque product)
It is very difficult to dissolve a few components.
1) The main detergent dissolves in the water.
2) To the above mixture, foam booster is added with continuous stirring, and materials like opacifiers as well as active ingredients that have difficulty in dispersion.
3) Now, maintain the pH between 5.6 and 6.2 with the help of citric acid.
4) Now, adjust the viscosity with sodium chloride (electrolyte additive).
Example III (Represent clear shampoos)
Where heat is required to get the desired solution.
1) The active ingredients as well as the foam booster are mixed with the help of propeller stirring.
2) By continuously mixing half of the formulation water, add the main detergent.
3) Now, add both the mixture of steps 1, and 2.
4) Use heat to dissolve the ingredients that are difficult to dissolve in the remaining water.
5) Now, add both the solution obtained in steps 3, and 4.
6) Now, by the addition of citric acid adjust the pH of the product between 5.6-6.2.
Generally, as per the solubility characteristics of the ingredients that are used in the above solution, there is no required additional adjustment of the viscosity.
Read more - Shampoos
Shampoo Formulations
The main difference between the basic shampoo formulae is the quantity of surfactant used.The Frequent Wash Formula
Because of the requirement to maintain the appropriate quantity of sebum on hair, this product is used for everyday usage, and the active concentration is also low. If the active concentration is too high then it will remove the sebum completely which will be very harmful to the hair. Generally, normal shampoos are formulated for use every 3 to 4 days, and they also have a high concentration of surfactant in their formulation.| Frequent use % w/w | |
|---|---|
| Sodium Laureth Sulfate (70%A) | 7.70 |
| Cocamidopropyl Betaine (30%A) | 2.00 |
| Tetrasodium EDTA | 0.10 |
| Preservative | q.s. |
| Citric Acid | pH 6.0 |
| Sodium Chloride | q.s. |
| Colour | q.s. |
| Perfume | q.s. |
| Water (deionized); Aqua (INCI) | to 100.00 |
Conditioning Shampoo
In recent years conditioning shampoos become more important. By using the recent formulas, which offer to wash and condition in a single step, the hair is expected to be simple to comb, shiny as well, and soft. This type of formulation is very complicated as these formulations use the ingredients like silicons and polyquaterniums. To ensure that silicon can be released on the hair at the appropriate time while rinsing that deposition on hair is not too much, great care must be taken.
| % w/w | |
|---|---|
| Sodium Laureth Sulfate (70%A) | 11.50 |
| Cocamidopropyl Betaine (30%A) | 5.00 |
| PEG 3 Distearate | 2.00 |
| Polyquaternium 7 | 0.25 |
| Dimethicone Copolyol | 3.00 |
| Sodium Chloride | q.s. |
| Citric Acid | pH 6.0 |
| Tetrasodium EDTA | 0.10 |
| Panthenol | 0.30 |
| Preservative | q.s. |
| Perfume | q.s. |
| Colour | q.s. |
| Water (deionized); Aqua (INCI) | to 100.00 |
Premium Shampoo
These shampoos have come in the recent years. They give balance, thicken as well, and add volume to the hairs. They use a high quantity of surfactant and also contain conditioning as well as moisturizing agents like wheat proteins, modified silicones, natural extracts, and panthenol.| % w/w | |
|---|---|
| Sodium Laureth Sulfate (70%A) | 15.00 |
| Cocamidopropyl Betaine (30%A) | 5.00 |
| Sodium Lauryl Sulfate and Glycol Distearate and Cocamide MEA | 3.00 |
| Colour | q.s. |
| Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride | 0.20 |
| Citric acid | pH 6.0 |
| Tetrasodium EDTA | 0.10 |
| Panthenol | 0.30 |
| Preservative | q.s. |
| Perfume | q.s. |
| Water (deionized); Aqua (INCI) | to 100.00 |
Antidandruff Shampoo
Antidandruff Shampoos are formulated to remove dandruff, a disorder of the scalp that shows scaly scalp skin. There are many causes of it ranging from scalp irritations to eczema as well as seborrhoeic dermatitis. Zinc pyrithione was the first therapeutic substance that provided relief from dandruff. Although it is very beneficial for the hair and scalp it is very irritating also it is not soluble in water. Recently pyroctone olamine, a less irritating substance with good water solubility has been produced. It has made possible for development of clear anti-dandruff formula.| % w/w | |
|---|---|
| Sodium Laureth Sulfate (70%A) | 11.50 |
| Cocamidopropyl Betaine (30%A) | 5.00 |
| Polyquaternium 7 | 0.30 |
| Piroctone Olamine | 0.70 |
| Citric Acid | pH 6.0 |
| Sodium Chloride | q.s. |
| Perfume | q.s. |
| Colour | q.s. |
| Water (deionized); Aqua (INCI) | to 100.00 |
In medicated shampoos where microbial activity is needed, triclosan is used.
Triclosan tends to be utilized in medicated shampoos where antimicrobial activity is desirable, but specific claims for dandruff alleviation are not made but there is not any specific claim that has been made for reducing dandruff.
Triclosan tends to be utilized in medicated shampoos where antimicrobial activity is desirable, but specific claims for dandruff alleviation are not made but there is not any specific claim that has been made for reducing dandruff.
Read more - Best Shampoos for Hair Fall
Scalp Psoriasis
Scalp psoriasis is one of the most common disorders (Autoimmune disorder) of the skin. It may vary from skin to skin. Generally, it looks reddish colored patched with white scales. In dark skin people it looks like purple patches with gray scales. Mainly it spread to the forehead, backside of the neck as well as behind the ears.One cannot easily identify scalp psoriasis because it is hard to interpret the root causes of the particular disease.
Symptoms Of Scalp Psoriasis
The symptoms of scalp psoriasis sometimes look like dandruff or plaques that spread over the entire scalp. Depending on the severity of the scalp psoriasis it includes:- Gray scales
- Red patches
- Plaques on the scalp
- Itching
- Burning
- Cracks
- Bleeding
- Dry scalp
- Loss of hair
- Pain or Irritation
Tests To Diagnose Scalp Psoriasis
The health care professionals may perform many tests to catch the condition that causes the symptoms like eczema, scalp fungal infection as well as dandruff. The tests are:- Allergy tests
- Blood tests to know the cause of scalp psoriasis
- Biopsy
Treatment Of Scalp Psoriasis
It is very difficult to treat the scalp psoriasis. It is a very time-consuming process to find the treatment that works because the response to the treatment may vary from person to person. Although there are many treatment options available nowadays.Best Shampoos for Scalp Psoriasis - Check Price
Over-The-Counter Products
The treatment generally contains the topical treatment that may include the use of medicated shampoos, gels, creams, foams, oils, lotions, and soap as well. These are some products that you can opt for over the over-the-counter. The over-the-counter products generally contain salicylic acid, coal tar, etc.Prescription Products
Many stronger products require a prescription. These prescription products for scalp psoriasis are Calcipotriene, Betamethasone dipropionate, Anthralin, Antimicrobials, and a derivative of vitamin A that is Tazarotene.Home Remedies For The Treatment Of Scalp Psoriasis
For the treatment of scalp psoriasis home remedies are one of the safest options for most people. It is always better to consult your healthcare provider before using these substances because there is always the risk of allergic reactions.1) Coconut Oil
Coconut oil moisturizes the skin and it also contains anti-inflammatory as well as antibacterial properties that may help in minimizing inflammation.
2) Olive Oil
It moisturizes dry skin as well as reduces itching, and irritation.
3) Aloe Vera
Aloe vera provides help in caring for the wound. It helps in treating the itching, and irritation, and keeps the skin hydrated. Apply the gel of aloe vera to your skin gently for two to three times per day.
4) Baking Soda
In a small quantity of warm water add two teaspoons of baking soda, and make a paste. Now, apply this paste to your affected area, and leave it for 10 minutes to treat the irritation and itching. The particles of baking soda may also help in the removal of dead skin cells. Rub gently the baking soda on the affected area to soften the plaques.
The formulation of baby shampoos requires very much care and less irritancy is a major concern. Polysorbate 20 which is a nonionic detergent, is recommended for preparing baby shampoos. This substance does not produce foam but it does reduce the irritancy potential of the selected anionic. The viscosity is regulated by the interaction between PEG 600 distearate (Polyethylene glycol) and polysorbate 20.
| % w/w | |
|---|---|
| Magnesium Laureth Sulfate (27.5%A) | 11.00 |
| Cocamidopropyl Betaine (30%A) | 5.00 |
| PEG 600 Distearate | 3.50 |
| Polysorbate 20 | 3.50 |
| Citric Acid | pH 6.0 |
| Colour | q.s. |
| Perfume | q.s. |
| Preservative | q.s. |
| Water (deionized); Aqua (INCI) | to 100.00 |
Formulation Of Shampoo Video Tutorial
Conclusion
Now you know very well what is the formulation of shampoo and how many types of shampoos are available in the market. If you do not understand much then you can ask your doubts by commenting, and I will help you completely. With the help of this article, you can easily choose a shampoo according to your needs and hair pattern.FAQ
Ques 1- What is the formulation of shampoo?Ans- Generally, the shampoo is formulated by the addition of surfactants that is surface active agents (sodium lauryl sulphate, ammonium laureth sulfate), and a co-surfactant mainly (PEG-2 laurate, cocamidopropyl betain, etc.) in the water.
Ques 2- What are the ingredients to make shampoo?
Ans- The most common ingredients used for the formulation of shampoo are:
- Surfactants – Sodium lauryl sulphate, Sodium lauroyl sarcosinate.
- Foaming agents - Sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), Cocodiethanolamide
- Conditioners - Polyvinylpyrrolidone, Propylene glycol, Sorbitol.
- Thickeners – Gelatin, Stearic acid, Xanthan gum.
- Opacifiers - Ethylene glycol monostearate, Ethylene glycol distearate.
- Preservatives – Sodium benzoate, Benzyl alcolol.
- Additives - Sodium laureth sulfate, Ammonium lauryl sulfate.
- Fragrance - Benzyl salicylate, Menthol, Limonene.
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